
versus winter tyre for the same Audi A3

The obvious difference is that the winters have more and deeper grooves and 'sipes'. Not only do they grip snow better (actually, by trapping snow in the grooves and getting snow-on-snow traction) but also disperse water better. Not so obvious is the significantly more 'grippy' compound used which starts to make a difference below 7ÂșC - which is useful even in a non-snowy British winter.
And here is the inside of the front wheelarch, showing the suspension and brakes alongside the inner side of the winter wheels/tyres. It's the passenger-side wheel, viewed facing the rear of the car.

Most conventional chains have a substantial, rotating element on the inner side of the wheel/tyre: Here, roughly where you see the 'Michelin' text. These are the winter wheels and tyres, which are 10mm narrower than the summer ones, and given the chains need 25mm, still leave enough space for the chain assembly to rotate as the suspension moves.
For the Peugeot 206, I'm fortunate that the narrower wheels leave plenty of space to fit chains, whether they're carrying summer or winter tyres.